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Doctrine by topic · DGT Observatory

Liberal Profession: DGT doctrinal evolution

How the DGT's position on this topic has evolved, and the rulings it rests on.

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How the DGT's position has evolved

Settled doctrine High confidence 20 rulings · 2014–2025

Current position

Income from the provision of professional services is classified as income from economic activities due to the self-organized management of means. Funds received for disbursements, which belong to the client and are paid following a provision of funds, are not considered income from the activity. Net income must be determined using the direct estimation method.

The DGT's position remains stable regarding the classification of professional income as income from economic activities. The doctrine has clarified the nature of specific concepts, such as the distinction between clinical psychology services (exempt) and guidance services (at 10% or 21%), and the exclusion of funds for disbursements from the net income base.

Turning points

  1. V3195-14

    Establishes the distinction between exempt clinical psychology services and guidance services or workshops taxed at 10% or 21%.

  2. V1856-25

    Clarifies that funds for disbursements are not income from economic activities if they are paid following a provision of funds on behalf of the client.

Analysis based on 20 of 20 rulings with a stated position. Updated 25 September 2026.

Rulings on this topic

20
V1657-25 16 Sept 2025

Architectural project and supervision services taxed at 21% VAT

SG de Impuestos sobre el Consumo
tipo impositivo reducidoejecución de obraprestación de serviciosredacción de proyectodirección de obra LIVA — Ley 37/1992 del IVA art. 4LIVA — Ley 37/1992 del IVA art. 5
Affects CompanyExpat · Non-residentIndividual
V1988-22 19 Sept 2022

Income of healthcare professional classified as earnings from economic activities

SG de Impuestos sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas
rendimientos de actividades económicasestimación directaordenación de medios de producciónprofesión liberalrendimiento neto LIRPF — Ley 35/2006 del IRPF art. 27.1LIRPF — Ley 35/2006 del IRPF art. 28.1
Affects CompanyExpat · Non-residentIndividual
V2058-20 23 Jun 2020

Legal aid income classified as professional activity earnings

SG de Impuestos sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas
rendimientos del trabajoactividades económicasprofesión liberalturno de oficioasistencia jurídica gratuita LIRPF — Ley 35/2006 del IRPF art. 17.1LIRPF — Ley 35/2006 del IRPF art. 27.1
Affects CompanyExpat · Non-residentIndividual
V1780-19 11 Jul 2019

Sale of gold from dental work classified as business income rather than capital gains

SG de Impuestos sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas
rendimientos de actividades económicasganancias y pérdidas patrimonialescorrelación de ingresos y gastosvalor de adquisiciónprofesión liberal LIRPF — Ley 35/2006 del IRPF art. 27LIRPF — Ley 35/2006 del IRPF art. 28.4
Affects CompanyExpat · Non-residentIndividual

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